Informational only. Not medical advice.INFORMATIONAL PLATFORM ONLY — NOT MEDICAL ADVICE, DIAGNOSIS, OR TREATMENT
Informational only. Not medical advice.INFORMATIONAL PLATFORM ONLY — NOT MEDICAL ADVICE, DIAGNOSIS, OR TREATMENT
Head-to-head comparison of AICAR and MOTS-c — mechanism, side effects, legal status, and pricing.
AICAR (acadesine / AICA riboside) is a purine nucleoside analog and AMP-mimetic — not a peptide — that activates AMPK. Studied in registered human trials under the name acadesine (for cardioprotection and leukemia, not performance), it is not FDA-approved for any indication and is WADA-prohibited at all times. It is sold on the gray market as an "exercise mimetic."
MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA, discovered by Lee and Cohen at USC in 2015 (sequence: MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR). It is an investigational, research-only peptide studied as a metabolic regulator; it has not been approved by the FDA for any indication.
AICAR
MOTS-c
Category
Legal Status
Mechanism
Half-life
Side Effects
COA-verified vendors · trust score ≥70 required · single-vial price — bulk/bundle deals may be lower
AICAR
MOTS-c
COA corpus from Disclosed Labs — independently tested batches only.
AICAR
3
COAs
99.3%
Avg purity
3
Labs
MOTS-c
193
COAs
99.5%
Avg purity
16
Labs
As acadesine, AICAR was tested in registered human trials by IV infusion: the large RED-CABG cardioprotection trial (JAMA 2012) was stopped for futility, and a Phase I/II study in relapsed/refractory CLL established 210 mg/kg IV as the optimal dose. No human trial evaluated AICAR for exercise, fat loss, or longevity, and no validated non-IV dosing exists. Not FDA-approved; not a peptide.
Key references
Lee et al. (Cell Metabolism, 2015; PMID 25738459) identified MOTS-c and showed that exogenous administration in mice prevented diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance via AMPK activation in skeletal muscle. Kim et al. (Cell Metabolism, 2018; PMID 29983246) demonstrated that MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus under metabolic stress and regulates antioxidant response element (ARE) genes. Reynolds et al. (Nature Communications, 2021; PMID 33473109) reported that exercise induces MOTS-c in human skeletal muscle and that MOTS-c treatment improved physical capacity in young, middle-aged, and aged mice. Human clinical data are limited to CohBar's Phase 1a/1b study of the analog CB4211 in healthy volunteers and obese NAFLD subjects, which reported acceptable tolerability and exploratory signals on ALT/AST and glucose; CohBar wound down the program in 2023. No completed Phase 2 or Phase 3 trials exist for MOTS-c or its analogs, and grey-market dosing (typically ~10 mg SubQ 2-3x/week) is not clinically validated.
AICAR and MOTS-c are both in the Metabolic category and may have overlapping mechanisms. Researchers should review both profiles carefully, understand the mechanisms of action, and monitor the relevant biomarkers when combining compounds in the same class. As always, consult a licensed healthcare provider before making any decisions about combining research compounds.
This platform provides informational tools only, not medical advice. This comparison is for educational purposes only. Consult a licensed provider.
Contraindications
Lab Testing
Disclosed Labs