Pinealon

Overview

Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) from the Khavinson bioregulator series, studied for its potential role in regulating pineal gland function and neuroprotective signaling pathways in preclinical models.

Mechanism of Action

Pinealon is theorized to act as a gene-regulatory peptide that penetrates cell membranes and interacts with DNA, modulating transcription of genes involved in pineal gland melatonin synthesis and neuronal survival. In vitro studies suggest it upregulates expression of genes associated with antioxidant defense and anti-apoptotic signaling in neuronal cell cultures.

Research Summary

In vitro studies on cortical neuron cultures demonstrated that Pinealon reduced markers of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis under hypoxic conditions (Khavinson et al., Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2011). A study in aged rats showed normalization of melatonin secretion rhythms (Khavinson & Linkova, Advances in Gerontology, 2014). No Phase II or III clinical trials in Western regulatory frameworks have been conducted.

Dosing Information

Reported Side Effects

• Limited human safety data
• Mild headache reported anecdotally
• Drowsiness or sedation at higher doses
• Injection site irritation (subcutaneous use)

Research References

• Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes (2011)
• Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (2012)