AHK-Cu

Overview

AHK-Cu is a copper-binding tripeptide (Ala-His-Lys-Cu) structurally related to GHK-Cu, studied in dermatological research for its role in extracellular matrix remodeling and hair follicle signaling.

Mechanism of Action

AHK-Cu chelates copper(II) through histidine and lysine residues, forming a stable peptide-metal complex. It upregulates collagen I, collagen III, and VEGF expression in dermal fibroblasts and papilla cells, potentially supporting dermal remodeling and hair follicle vascularization. Also influences MMP activity and glycosaminoglycan synthesis.

Research Summary

In vitro studies on human dermal fibroblasts showed dose-dependent upregulation of type I collagen and VEGF mRNA (Kang et al., Int J Cosmetic Science, 2009). Comparative studies indicated AHK-Cu produced greater VEGF stimulation than GHK-Cu at equivalent concentrations in dermal papilla cells (Pyo et al., J Peptide Science, 2007). No controlled clinical trials published.

Dosing Information

Reported Side Effects

• Limited human safety data
• Mild skin irritation or redness at topical application site
• Contact dermatitis in copper-sensitive individuals
• Transient itching or warmth at application site

Research References

• The effect of tripeptide-copper complex on human hair growth in vitro (2007)
• Copper-GHK increases integrin expression and p63 positivity by keratinocytes (2009)