Humanin

Overview

Humanin is a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. It was discovered through its ability to protect neurons from Alzheimer's disease-related toxicity and is studied for neuroprotection, metabolic regulation, and anti-aging applications.

Mechanism of Action

Humanin binds to FPRL1 (formyl peptide receptor-like 1) and BAX protein, inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis in stressed cells. It also activates the STAT3 pathway and interacts with IGFBP-3, modulating IGF-1 signaling. In the brain, it protects neurons from amyloid-beta toxicity and oxidative stress through both intracellular and extracellular mechanisms.

Research Summary

Preclinical studies demonstrate neuroprotection against Alzheimer's-related amyloid-beta peptides, reduced atherosclerosis in ApoE-knockout mice, and improved metabolic function in diabetic models. Circulating humanin levels decline with age and correlate with cognitive function. Human clinical trials have not yet been conducted.

Dosing Information

Reported Side Effects

• Injection site reactions
• Headache
• Mild nausea
• Unknown long-term effects

Research References

• Humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, is a cytoprotective factor against various insults (2014)
• The mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin protects against amyloid beta-induced toxicity in cortical neurons (2001)
• Humanin and age-related diseases: a new link between mitochondrial function and health (2018)